{"id":799,"date":"1997-10-01T06:41:57","date_gmt":"1997-10-01T06:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tmsdesarrolladores.com\/pedropalma\/?p=799"},"modified":"2016-04-09T07:15:44","modified_gmt":"2016-04-09T07:15:44","slug":"sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/","title":{"rendered":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Palma, Pedro A. and Rodriguez, Cristina (1997) <strong>Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case<\/strong>. New York: Americas Society. October<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The multiple adjustment plans and economic reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s are highly instructive, providing the basis for a series of hypotheses on basic conditions required to ensure the sustainability of adjustment plans aimed not only at correcting macroeconomic disequilibria, but also at implementing structural reforms and at stabilizing prices over a substantial period of time.<\/p>\n<p>In this paper we analyze the two adjustment plans implemented in Venezuela in 1989 and 1996 in line with those hypotheses and basic conditions, in order to judge their sustainability and possibilities of success.<\/p>\n<h6>Imagen: Investopedia.com<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Palma, Pedro A. and Rodriguez, Cristina (1997) Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case. New York: Americas Society. October &nbsp; The multiple adjustment plans and economic reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s are highly instructive, providing the basis for a series of hypotheses on basic conditions required to &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,7],"tags":[187,184,188,185,186,60],"class_list":["post-799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academicos","category-trabajos-y-papers","tag-adjustment-plans-sustainability","tag-ajustment-plans","tag-conditions-for-adjustment-plans-to-work","tag-economic-reforms","tag-social-programs","tag-venezuelan-economy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Palma, Pedro A. and Rodriguez, Cristina (1997) Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case. New York: Americas Society. October &nbsp; The multiple adjustment plans and economic reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s are highly instructive, providing the basis for a series of hypotheses on basic conditions required to &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pedro A. Palma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"253\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pedro Palma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pedro Palma\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pedro Palma\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228\"},\"headline\":\"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case\",\"datePublished\":\"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":128,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/04\\\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Adjustment plans sustainability\",\"Ajustment plans\",\"Conditions for Adjustment plans to work\",\"Economic reforms\",\"Social programs\",\"Venezuelan economy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Acad\u00e9micos\",\"Trabajos y papers\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/04\\\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/04\\\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/04\\\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg\",\"width\":380,\"height\":253,\"caption\":\"Bussiness\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pedro A. Palma\",\"description\":\"Economista\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pedroapalma.com\\\/site\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228\",\"name\":\"Pedro Palma\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pedro Palma\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma","og_description":"Palma, Pedro A. and Rodriguez, Cristina (1997) Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case. New York: Americas Society. October &nbsp; The multiple adjustment plans and economic reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s are highly instructive, providing the basis for a series of hypotheses on basic conditions required to &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/","og_site_name":"Pedro A. Palma","article_published_time":"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":380,"height":253,"url":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Pedro Palma","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Pedro Palma","Tiempo de lectura":"1 minuto"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/"},"author":{"name":"Pedro Palma","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228"},"headline":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case","datePublished":"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00","dateModified":"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/"},"wordCount":128,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg","keywords":["Adjustment plans sustainability","Ajustment plans","Conditions for Adjustment plans to work","Economic reforms","Social programs","Venezuelan economy"],"articleSection":["Acad\u00e9micos","Trabajos y papers"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/","url":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/","name":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case - Pedro A. Palma","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg","datePublished":"1997-10-01T06:41:57+00:00","dateModified":"2016-04-09T07:15:44+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Ajustes-econ.-investopedia.com_.jpg","width":380,"height":253,"caption":"Bussiness"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/sustainability-of-adjustment-plans-and-economic-reforms-the-venezuelan-case\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sustainability of Adjustment Plans and Economic Reforms: The Venezuelan Case"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/","name":"Pedro A. Palma","description":"Economista","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/427852d245d06b78d8491abf8b114228","name":"Pedro Palma","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3e6fe7f370f6e5b5d306bf869e784b2a608a86ea1106a224f9e2d9db2e43968?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Pedro Palma"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=799"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":803,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/799\/revisions\/803"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}