{"id":1389,"date":"2003-05-31T15:19:14","date_gmt":"2003-05-31T15:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tmsdesarrolladores.com\/pedropalma\/?p=1389"},"modified":"2016-07-10T14:19:42","modified_gmt":"2016-07-10T14:19:42","slug":"diversificacion-economica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedroapalma.com\/site\/diversificacion-economica\/","title":{"rendered":"Diversificaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Publicado en el diario \u201cEl Universal\u201d de Caracas. S\u00e1bado 31 de mayo de 2003<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El cierre masivo de empresas manufactureras es algo realmente alarmante, no s\u00f3lo debido al efecto devastador sobre el sector laboral, sino tambi\u00e9n por el incremento notable de la vulnerabilidad de la econom\u00eda al hacerla mucho m\u00e1s dependiente del vol\u00e1til negocio petrolero.<\/p>\n<p>Todos sabemos los efectos tan contundentes que sobre nuestra econom\u00eda tienen las variaciones abruptas de los precios petroleros, debi\u00e9ndose ello en buena medida a su poca diversificaci\u00f3n. De hecho, el peso relativo del sector petrolero en la econom\u00eda total venezolana es mucho mayor que el aporte directo de esta actividad al producto interno bruto total, el cual est\u00e1 en torno al 25%, ya que las actividades productivas vinculadas y dependientes del negocio petrolero tambi\u00e9n tienen un peso importante en la composici\u00f3n del PIB. Adicionalmente, aquellas fluctuaciones en los precios de exportaci\u00f3n de hidrocarburos generan fuertes oscilaciones en el flujo de divisas y en los ingresos fiscales, reflej\u00e1ndose esto en aspectos tan importantes como la formaci\u00f3n de expectativas cambiarias, el manejo de las pol\u00edticas econ\u00f3micas, y el desempe\u00f1o de la econom\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>De all\u00ed la importancia de reducir la dependencia petrolera, lo cual, obviamente, no ha de conseguirse a trav\u00e9s del debilitamiento o abandono de esa actividad fundamental.\u00a0 Por el contrario, es necesario fortalecerla y expandirla a trav\u00e9s de una agresiva pol\u00edtica de desarrollo de ese sector con la decidida participaci\u00f3n del capital extranjero. Pero, paralelamente, es imperativo el desarrollo firme y sostenido de otras actividades productivas, entre las cuales est\u00e1n aquellas orientadas a la exportaci\u00f3n. Para ello es\u00a0 necesario poner en marcha una compleja pol\u00edtica de industrializaci\u00f3n, la cual tiene componentes tan diversos como: incentivos a las inversiones, creaci\u00f3n de fuentes de financiamiento, preservaci\u00f3n de la capacidad competitiva y muchos otros. Un elemento fundamental de esa pol\u00edtica es el acceso a los mercados, para lo cual se requiere participar decididamente en los procesos de integraci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9xico ha sido un ejemplo exitoso de procesos de diversificaci\u00f3n como los aqu\u00ed planteados. De hecho, el peso relativo de sus exportaciones petroleras pas\u00f3 de 80% a comienzos de los a\u00f1os 80 a menos de 10% dos d\u00e9cadas m\u00e1s tarde; esto ha disminuido notablemente su vulnerabilidad a la volatilidad petrolera. Ejemplo que debemos seguir para nuestro beneficio.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Imagen: <span class=\"_r3\"><span class=\"irc_ho\" dir=\"ltr\">notihoy.com<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sobre la necesidad de diversificar la econom\u00eda venezolana para hacerla menos dependiente de la renta petrolera, lo cual la hace muy vulnerable, y lo preocupante que resultaba el cierre masivo de empresas manufactureras se estaba produciendo en los primeros a\u00f1os de los 2000, lo cual atentaba contra aquella necesaria diversificaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,17,11,23,22,26],"tags":[216,61,373,436,32,112,86,435,129,31,431],"class_list":["post-1389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos-de-opinion","category-economia-venezolana","category-opinion","category-petroleo","category-politica-economica","category-sector-externo","tag-diversificacion-economica","tag-economia-venezolana","tag-empresas","tag-empresas-manufactureras","tag-petroleo","tag-politica-economica","tag-precios-del-petroleo","tag-renta-petrolera","tag-sector-externo","tag-venezuela","tag-vulnerabilidad"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diversificaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica - Pedro A. 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